![]() The cognitive domain score was a composite of the standardized scores of the subtests that made up each cognitive domain.ĭemographical characteristics, SGDS, K-MMSE, and CDR of the participants The subtests that made up each cognitive domain score were as follows: (1) Attention (SNSB-A): Digit Span Test (forward, backward) (2) Language (SNSB-L): comprehension, repetition, and Korean-Boston Naming Test (3) Visuospatial function (SNSB-V): Rey Complex Figure Test-copy and Clock Drawing Test (4) Memory (SNSB-M): Seoul Verbal Learning Test and Rey Complex Figure Test and (5) Frontal/executive function (SNSB-F): go/no-go, phonemic fluency, Korean-Color Word Stroop Test-color reading, Digit Symbol Coding, and Korean-Trail Making Test-Elderly's version Part B ( Table 1). The SNSB-II consisted of 5 cognitive domains giving 5 cognitive domain scores like the MoCA, except for the OIS. 17 Tests were administered in the order of K-MoCA, SNSB-II, SGDS, K-MMSE, and CDR.įollowing Julayanont et al., 6 we scored 6 index scores of K-MoCA: (1) Orientation Index Score (OIS): sum of points for the orientation section of K-MoCA, with a score ranging from 0 to 6 (2) Attention Index Score (AIS): digit span forward and backward, letter A tapping (it was substituted “Monday” tapping in K-MoCA), serial-7 subtraction, sentence repetition, and words recalled in both immediate recall trials, with a score ranging from 0 to 18 (3) Language Index Score (LIS): naming, sentence repetition, and letter fluency, with a score ranging from of 0 to 6 (4) Visuospatial Index Score (VIS): cube copy, clock drawing, and naming, with a score range from 0 to 7 (5) Memory Index Score (MIS): the number of words remembered in free delayed recall, category-cued recall, and multiple choice-cued recall multiplied by 3, 2, and 1, respectively, with a score ranging from 0 to 15 (6) Executive Index Score (EIS): modified Trail-Making Test Part B, clock drawing, digit span forward and backward, letter A tapping, serial-7 subtraction, letter fluency, and abstraction, with a score ranging from 0 to 13. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the MoCA index scores represent each cognitive function by examining the correlations with corresponding cognitive domain scores derived from conventional neuropsychological tests.Įach participant underwent a clinical evaluation that included a medical history taking, screening of depression (Short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale SGDS), 14 Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), 15 and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery (Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery, 2nd Edition SNSB-II), 16 including the Korean-MoCA (K-MoCA) 2 and Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). To the best of our knowledge, however, no research has investigated the validity of MoCA index scores in comparison with conventional neuropsychological tests. 10Īs with the studies described above, many researchers have paid attention to the MoCA index scores. Another study used the MoCA index score for detection of cognitive decline due to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD as well as for confirming the therapeutic effect of alcoholic cognitive decline. 9 showed that memory and orientation index scores were lowest in the AD group, whereas language and attention index scores were lowest in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). ![]() Some studies were conducted to confirm the differences between clinical groups through the MoCA index score. In distinguishing healthy individuals from MCI, the total MoCA score had stronger incremental validity than the index scores, and a combined index score was more informative than the individual index scores. ![]() 8 investigated effect sizes of the MoCA total and index scores in differentiating individuals with healthy cognition from those with MCI or AD. 7 found that MoCA memory index score was better at discriminating amnestic MCI (aMCI) from normal cognition than the paragraph recall. ![]() They reported that 90.5% of patients with both scores below the cutoff for impairment–total score (20/30 points) and memory index score (7/15 points)–converted to AD, whereas 74.5% converted when one of two scores was below the cutoff. In their study, In their study, they produced cut-off scores that predicted MCI conversion to AD. ![]() 6 proposed MoCA index scores for the six cognitive domains comprising subtests of the MoCA: orientation, attention, language, visuospatial function, memory, and executive function. 1 However, it has also been useful for assessing vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) 2, 3 and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease 4 since it proportionally involves many subtests for assessing frontal and executive function. It was originally developed for the screening of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which converts to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening test used internationally. ![]()
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